There have been urgent needs to develop advanced technologies for sustainable energy systems due to the rapid development of global society. Evaporation-driven energy generation system is emerging renewable energy technology motivated from the natural phenomenon in the plants’ stomata i.e., water evaporation from root to leaf. This research has attempted to develop novel evaporationdriven energy harvesting device based on the electrospun nanofiber with carbon black powders. Notably, carbon block powder plays important roles to increase the hydrophilic properties, higher level of porosity as well as conductivity of the generation device. These characteristics could finally support to accelerate the generation output as well as the vapor permeability of the elecrtospun nanofiber mat. The result of this research highlighted that applying carbon black powders to the electrospun nanofiber mat (20.0×40.0×0.9mm3) brought the maximum voltage and current of ~ 0.21 V and ~ 0.12 mA, respectively.